who in the sopranos was a real gangster

before immediately hanging up and looking bewildered at himself. I Soprano His body was reported to have been left with a pool cue inserted into his rectum. Lenny Montana is something of a one-hit wonder as an actor, known best (or perhaps only) for his role in Francis Ford Coppolas gangster classic. : Inside the Universal Religion Conspiracy Theory, Play the Sims 4 With Nisa's Wicked Perversions, a Super NSFW Mod for the Sims, The Male Gaze: What It Is, and What TikTok Often Gets Wrong, Death by Police: Tyre Nichols Yet Another Sacrifice to the Corrupt Gods of Police. Tony Borgese eventually pleaded guilty and was originally sentenced to three years in prison, but instead was sentenced to six years of house arrest and a two-year probation. Say, what have the vampires come up with this week? You can follow him on Twitterand his website. By Shae Sennett / Feb. 26, 2023 7:00 pm EST. REAL Sopranos Shows them where the house is. WebThis HD wallpaper is about crime, drama, hbo, mafia, sopranos, television, Original wallpaper dimensions is 1920x1080px, file size is 327.14KB, download photo size is 1600x900px Acting wasnt even in my mind.. A show that left the audience with the longest cliffhanger, 13 years to be exact, is soon coming back. I knew a guy in Newark who was exactly that.. But Rusty does recommend quick action (i.e., a murder that will serve as retaliation). At that point, Valli began to wonder if hed ever make it onto the show. The songs performed by the episode's fictional band, Visiting Day/Defiler, were created and performed, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:25. Though Frankie Valli might have seemed tailor-made for a guest-star part on The Sopranos, it almost didnt work out for the Four Seasons legend. In 1967, he was arrested for robbing a Brooklyn nightclub and served 13 months in prison. WebI Soprano (The Sopranos) una serie televisiva statunitense prodotta dall'emittente HBO, trasmessa in USA nell'arco di sei stagioni, dal 1999 al 2007: ideatore e produttore della serie lo sceneggiatore statunitense David Chase che, oltre a supervisionare e ideare i soggetti, firma anche la regia del primo e dell'ultimo episodio.. La serie descrive la vita di Tony Soprano, Very accurate account, I used to work for little Steve and up at Sirius radio and I meant Pauly walnuts a few times cool guy and he took obviously the real thing and made it the real thing on TV it was amazing rest in peace one more thing and its not a big thing he had 28 arrests one was for disorderly conduct now the other times he was arrested were for more heinous crimes and just because youre arrested doesnt mean youre convicted what Im getting to here is I was once arrested for disorderly conduct I went to court I gave the court $100 and it was over theres no crime on my record theres a violation on my record which is oogatz! And like Tony, Palermo was well known in mob circles as the owner and operator of Wiggles strip club, which bears a striking resemblance to the Bada Bing! By the 1980s and early '90s, mafia movies were huge crowd-pleasers. In season 5 episode 3 towards the end when Jr is sitting on the dilapidated park bench an the old black lady comes up and starts flirting with him and offers to give him half an half in the back of his car, this woman looks near identical to real life Chicago Mayor Lightfoot The late James Gandolfini gave us a mob boss we actually cared about. Drea de Matteo, who played Adriana La Cerva, the girlfriend of Tony's nephew Christopher (Imperioli), told Vanity Fair that the cast didn't have to do much acting when it came to their accents or behavior: "It never really felt like we were trying to pretend that we were in the Mafia or that we were Italian. Sopranos In 1961, a young Rocco was arrested in connection to the murder of Bernard Bernie McLaughlin, a formidable Irish gang leader from Bostons Charlestown neighborhood. After playing the iconic role of Paulie Walnuts in The Sopranos, Sirico has had roles in other television series such as WebSomething went wrong. Johnny boy's casting : r/thesopranos WebSomething went wrong. Organized crime has always made for good entertainment. From that day on, I was with him every day, Russo says. Tony drives back into the Lincoln tunnel, he goes for a meeting with Phil Leotardo, and hes killed. The showgirl ended up with star Marlon Brando instead, while all Russo got for his efforts was a rejection letter. Stylistically, "The Wire" is much more realist than its predecessor there are no talking fish or imaginary women to speak of, and the dialogue of "The Sopranos" is more cinematic. From there, Sirico was able to secure roles as a gangster in some extremely notable films such as Goodfellas, Mob Queen, Mighty Aphrodite, Love and Money, Fingers, Defiance, Innocent Blood, Gotti, The Pick-up Artist, and Cop Land. The Real Mob Couldn't Stop Talking About The Sopranos Here's Why. 7, 1972, was a high-ranking member of the Profaci family, who were then at war with the Colombos. This is just one of the many near-mythical stories in Russos arsenalthe actor also claims that his great-grandfather, Angelo Russo, was a famous Sicilian mobster; that he has a close connection to such notorious organized crime figures as John Gotti and Carlo Gambino; that he has slept with more famous women than he can count, including Marilyn Monroe; that he has killed three men, including a member of the Medelln cartel who stabbed him with the shard of a broken Cristal bottle at the now-defunct Gianni Russos State Street casino in Las Vegas; that he has beaten 23 federal indictments and never slept in a jail. At any rate, Russo blurs the line between fact and fiction, just like so many classic mobster movies. Orbach and his wife were reported to have joined Gallo at the Copacabana, where they took in a Don Rickles midnight show and had a marvelous time. SOPRANOS To make sure you never miss out on your favourite NEW stories, we're happy to send you some reminders, Click 'OK' then 'Allow' to enable notifications, .css-o3g03s{color:black;}Published18:07,10 January 2018 GMT| Last updated16:25,19 March 2018 GMT. On the Talking Sopranos podcast, Valli discussed his six episodes of work on the show (2004-06) as Rusty Millio. Many Feints of The Sopranos Only the most studious Sopranos viewers will recognize Michael Big Mike Squicciarini, who briefly played low-level enforcer Big Frank Cippolina in the shows second season. Acting on that tip, he enlisted an Asian showgirl to drive his Bentley from Las Vegas to Los Angeles and place his audition video in Ruddys hands personally. Squicciarini spent many years in and out of prison for several crimes, including five years in prison for aggravated assault. Here is a list featuring some of The Sopranos Stars Who Are Legitimately Tough, And Those Who Are Only Tough On Screen! Tony Sirico, the actor known for his role as Paulie in 'The Sopranos The Sopranos followed New Jersey mobster Tony Soprano as he attempted to juggle the life of a mob boss along with the role of husband and father. The nickname Paulie Walnuts was bestowed on him after he hijacked a truck that he believed was filled with televisions, only to find out that it was filled with walnuts. He killed three people in a warehouse that was robbing crap games. Sopranos James Gandolfini is mesmerizing as Tony Soprano, a lynchpin in the Italian Mafia. In 2002, the actor was posthumously implicated in a cold-blooded gangland execution that had taken place 10 years prior. Put simply, a good actor is someone who is convincingsomeone who viewers believe is actually experiencing a films events. So how did they do it? but nobody got killed. On the surface, this is a real innovation. In a transcript of a FBI wiretap, Anthony 'Tony Boy' Boiardo, victim apparently writhing in agony, Tony Boy says: "What do you think he did to me? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ruggianos reputation as a gangland killer is well-documented, mostly thanks to his own son: Anthony Jr. turned on his father during the trial of a Gambino hitman, testifying that Fat Andy did a lot of work for the family. He killed somebody with a fellow named Joe, Anthony Jr. explained, per the NY Daily News. The BMF Documentary: Blowing Money Fast. They even had an incinerator in the grounds of their huge mansion, which was used as their own private crematorium. However, whereas Tony Soprano decided to stay loyal to his crew and managed to avoid becoming a government informant himself, Palermo took a different path. The Sopranos: Mythologizing the Gangster Genre | PopMatters While not directly associated with the life of WebSynopsis [ edit] Paulie, Chris, and Pussy rob and kill a Colombian drug dealer. The demo recording progresses slowly and badly and eventually, Chris smashes Richie's guitar over his back. Coincidence? Listen, Junior was a genuine tough guy, says James Caan, a long-standing acquaintance of Siricos who ran in some of the same organized-crime circles. Anthony Tony Blundetto (1958-2004) was a DiMeo crime family associate in Carlo Gervasis crew. Francis Ford Coppola's "The Godfather," Martin Scorsese's "Goodfellas," and Sergio Leone's "Once Upon a Time in America" have all become revered film classics, and helped reignite interest in these stories. Also from Brooklyn, Tony Sirico played the role of Paulie Gualtieri in The Sopranos. In one of the final episodes of the show, he starts to believe that his dead friend Chris Moltisanti has been reincarnated as a cat. So how come I got this bum reputation? Ill-reputed or no, Raft managed to dodge a life of crime while helping to establish the gangster film as a Hollywood mainstay that endures to this day. He also edits and writes articles for the IronSet blog where he shares his experiences. In his autobiography Cagney on Cagney, the actor claimed his life was threatened by the mob while he was president of the Screen Actors Guild. Interestingly, a few of the actors who appeared in the show were directly associated with or linked to mob families and criminal activity in the real world. Yes, Tony felt sexually attracted to Melfi. The song played when Tony, Christopher, and Paulie celebrate their big score at a hotel with their, The song played when Christopher and Adriana come to a party at Massive Genius' mansion is ", Earlier in the episode, while Christopher and Adriana talk about their tastes in music, she plays ", When Christopher and Adriana hatch their music management plan over dinner, the background song is "Decara a la pared" from. (Paul Sorvinos character in the film, Paul Cicero, was based on Vario Sr.) Borgese also played crime family captain Lorenzo Larry Boy Barese in 14 episodes of HBOs The Sopranos, a role not quite as true to his life, though not by much. One plays the put-upon wife of a New Jersey crime boss, the other the therapist who tries to ease his angst. Notably, he was associated with the DeCavalcante Family, which was one of the original inspirations for The Sopranos. One thing that helped "The Sopranos" become such a juggernaut was its undeniable authenticity. De Niro worked closely with late Gambino family heavy Anthony Fat Andy Ruggiano in preparation for his role inof all filmsHarold Ramis screwball comedy Analyze This. A Hit Is a Hit - Wikipedia Getty Images. Gangster Tony would like to mix with meddigans, White Americans not of Italian descent. Sopranos But dont wear it in Florida.. During that time, it managed to scoop. Widely regarded as one of the greatest TV series of all time, iconic American crime drama created by David Chase, which has long been praised for its sharp writing, impressive cast and slick, themes like violence, gender roles and Italian-American, The show first hit our screens back in 1999, pilot was ordered a couple of years before, with its, six seasons - which spanned 86 episodes in total - r, 2007. Vito Spatafore: Beaten to death with batons by Dominic Fat Dom Gamiello and Gerry Torciano on orders from Phil Leotardo. The Real Mob Couldn't Stop Talking About The Sopranos The Sopranos even makes reference to Siricos pinstriped pastin The Blue Comet, the series penultimate episode, Paulie Walnuts recalls, I lived through the seventies by the skin of my nuts when the Colombos were goin at it. And its rumored that Sirico agreed to play Paulie only with the assurance that his character would never become an informant. Massive says he is acting on behalf of the mother of a deceased black singer whose royalties Hesh stole, and now claims $400,000. Giving the title a double meaning, a hit is also the slang term for a mafia-ordered murder; the episode opens with a hit on a Colombian drug dealer, and while hosting Tony in a golf game at his country club, Bruce Cusamano refers to mobster, One of Massive's entourage refers to Chris as, While golfing with Bruce Cusamano and his friends, they ask him if he had ever met, At a dinner party, Bruce Cusamano refers to the scene where, An envious Christopher complains to Adriana that Massive Genius lives in, Christopher names what he considers to be "great Italian singers: ". After his arrest in 1970, Sirico was sent to Sing Sing Correctional Facility in Westchester County, New York where he was to serve a four-year sentence. Russo has no shortage of such claims, and if even half of what he says is true, the man has a personal history deserving of a gangster film all its own. The late James Gandolfini gave us a mob boss we actually cared about. Bada bing! Back in 2008, Sirico released a line of cologne called Paolo Per Uomo. WebThe discovery of informants led to some of The Sopranos' best episodes, like in season 2, episode 13, "Funhouse." "A Hit Is a Hit" is the 10th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos. WebI tried finding a picture online of the character but I couldnt find one. Massive says he will see Hesh in court. You either had to have a tattoo or a bullet hole. 'The Sopranos': Frankie Valli Modeled His Character on a The Gianni Russo story begins with St. Anthony, for whom he lights five candles each day in thanks for having survived polio as a child. He killed a florist in Brooklyn. What were going to do right now is go back way back, to a time when Scarface was in Chi-Town black and white, not South Beach neon. 1. I knew John GottiI knew all those guys from the neighborhood, Borgese once told the New York Post. Demetrius Flenory Jr, the actor son of real-life BMF gangster Big Meech Flenory, and Russell Hornsby star. Scott Russell lives in Atlanta and studies writing at the Savannah College of Art & Design. Imagine Paulie getting a late night phone-call from Tony, panicking and going,"PIZZA HOUSE!" Being considered one of the greatest television shows of all time, The Sopranos offered a remarkable portrayal of life within organized crime. Dano also made a brief cameo in the fourth season of The Sopranos as a young actor, which many people forget about. alongside Brian Cox. During the '60s and '70s, Sirico worked for the Colombo crime family under Carmine Persico and spent a lot of time in and out of jail. Sopranos Stop me if youve heard this one: its difficult to tell the factual man from the fictional one, as Siricos rap sheet is nearly as extensive as his IMDb page. Chase learnt of Ruggerio 'Richie the Boot' Boiardo and his relatives from relatives in Newark's North Ward. Roccos characters unforgettable death during the films climactic christening montage even spawned a gangster film trope all its own: the Moe Greene Special. And though the recently deceased Rocco, born Alexander F. Petricone Jr., could not have claimed the criminal underworld clout of, say, a Benjamin Bugsy Siegel, upon whom Moe Greene is said to have been based, he did make a few mobster bones of his own. That became one of my story lines. Get insider Sopranos and showbiz scoop with actor Drea De Matteo and long time friend Chris Kushner as they explore real stories from Sopranos episodes with special guests about how they made it big, fell on tough times, got busted, and readjusted. For six seasons, we stayed He was like an uncle or a father to me. The show was a huge success, drawing in large audiences and receiving outstanding reviews from critics, with many calling it the greatest television series ever created. 3. I used extortionate means to collect a debt from a person, Borgese admitted in Brooklyn Federal Court. He spit at me.". The Sopranos was created by David Chase and aired from 1999 to 2007, with the goal of accurately portraying life within organized crime. The Sopranos: How Mikey Palmice Became a Little Bit Joe Pesci and a Little Bit James Caan. Rafts fame magnified his influence, making him an idol of many of the eras actual gangsters. It was just before leaving to go on tour with a traveling show run by Madden that Raft decided to audition for a role in Howard Hawks Scarface, which was loosely based on the exploits of crime kingpin Al Capone. So it may not surprise you to find out that Tony Sirico was not only a gangster on the screen, he was a gangster in real life. "The Sopranos," which concluded in 2007 after six glorious seasons, is remembered today as one of the shows that ushered in the new golden age of television. Oh, yeah, the guy sat in front of the board, and he says, No, no, hes a wiseguy, been downtown. But, in a twist that's even darker than Tony. Sirico grew up in a rough part of Brooklyn, where he said in order to prove yourself you either had to have "a tattoo or a bullet hole." 1 Was Paulie from sopranos a real gangster? Their performance reportedly inspired Sirico to take up acting once he was released from prison. For years black women have been fighting against racism and sexism. What blood are they sucking this week?". An outlaw biker who called himself Giovanni Gatto pulled a Donnie Brasco on the family behind The Sopranos. Sirico famously only agreed to play Paulie if creator David Chase promised that he would never be a rat, and Chase agreed. He also enjoys spending time with his family and friends, and they do all sorts of things together that range from playing basketball to working on their dozens of construction projects. Of the many iconic characters to come out of the HBO crime drama series The Sopranos, few are quite as enigmatic as Paulie Gualtieri, or as hes affectionately known by his associates, Paulie Walnuts. Legend has it Orbach was eating dinner with Crazy Joe when he was gunned downthe mob boss, killed on his 43rd birthday, Apr. Squicciarini was accused of luring Hernandez to a club in Brooklyn so that Hernandez could be shot down by DeCavalcante capo Joseph Conigliaro. Was Paulie from sopranos a real gangster? Apparently, the first time he got arrested was as a seven-year-old boy stealing nickels from a newsstand. One plays the put-upon wife of a New Jersey crime boss, the other the therapist who tries to ease his angst. Silvio Dante was shot several times and left in a coma by a man wearing the same Members Only jacket who was part of the Lupertazzi family hit squad sent by Phil Leotardo. The Sopranos Actors With Real Life Gangster Connections WebTo cite this article: Jonathan J. Cavallero & George Plasketes (2004) Gangsters, Fessos, Tricksters, and Sopranos: The Historical Roots of Italian American Stereotype Anxiety, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 32:2, 50-73, DOI: 10.3200/ JPFT.32.2.49-73 So if a mysterious accident should befall yours truly after this list hits the web, consider the following 10 goodfellas and their unsavory associates your primary suspects. Tony Sirico arrives for the premiere of the fourth season of "The Sopranos" on Sept. I had some other things I was thinking of doing [at the time]. It's pretty chilling stuff - but it's the gruesome reality behind many gangster TV films and movies like The Sopranos. At its heart, The Sopranos was a show was about family, both gangster and blood. I got my mask and gun at home. True to his word, Squicciarini never quite put his mobster past behind him. Posts: 3,066. The disease left Russo with what he calls a gimp arm, leading him to sell ballpoint pens outside a Fifth Avenue hotel. family raised labor racketeering to something of an art form. Their association began when Orbach played a character based on Gallo in 1971s The Gang That Couldnt Shoot Straight. One way that "The Sopranos" managed to create such incredible authenticity was by casting just about every actor who had ever been in a mafia movie. The True Story Behind The Mobster Who Inspired The Sopranos. A Gambino goon would implicate Borgese in a recording obtained by the FBI: So Tony meets them. According to documents filed by Manhattan District Attorney John Hillebrecht (via The Guardian), Squicciarini and others lured a rival drug dealer named Ralph Hernandez into a Brooklyn nightclub owned by DeCavalcante capo Joseph Joe Pitts Conigliaro. The Sopranos Actors With Real Life Gangster Connections, 1 Dark Sopranos Detail Makes Christopher A Lot More Like Tony. SOPRANOS 6 Who are the 5 families in the Sopranos? A friend introduces her to the stock market and gives her a tip; she buys and profits. Imagine Paulie getting a late night phone-call from Tony, panicking and going,"PIZZA HOUSE!" Tony takes control, because he can, and essentially chooses one family over another by killing Christopher (who, tellingly, isnt his direct blood relative). One of these men was likely Squicciarini, though his exact role in the killing is uncertain. I had both, a grinning Sirico told the Times. Life, death and gabagool: how The Sopranos explains everything A few of the actors who appeared in The Sopranos were either directly associated with gangster families or had relations with individuals who were. In 2009, the former mobster was revealed to be living in Houston, Texas, where he was again operating strip clubs that were used as a hub for organized crime groups that were subsequently shut down (per NJ.com). The song played when Christopher and Adriana take Massive Genius to a club to watch Visiting Day perform. After a dinner in Atlantic City where the Soprano crime family ran up quite a hefty bill, Paulie kills a waiter to avoid paying. Writer David Chase loosely based the protagonist on real-life gangster Vinny Ocean, boss of the New Jersey DeCavalcante crime family. Topics:TV and Film, US Entertianment, TV. , assistant director of the State Commission of Investigation. inspiration behind the on-screen Soprano family. The best actors draw from experiences in their own lives to bring emotion to their performances. It launched the careers of several of its stars and the cast includes Lorraine Bracco, Edie Falco and Michael Imperioli. Does Tony Soprano sleep with his therapist? He's a fascinating character who embraces the toxic masculinity of gangsters while also being a loving caretaker for his elderly mother. When Dwight Eisenhower gave the Atoms for Peace speech what constructive use of nuclear energy was he introducing? Undercover Cop Talks About Infiltrating The capo was then wheeled over to the dying drug dealer, whom he shot thrice more in the head. As executive producer of the show Terence Winter told Vanity Fairin 2012, the FBI reportedly heard "mob guys talking about 'The Sopranos,'having the same conversation about the show, but always from the flip side. Anyway, while working for the Colombos, Tony Sirico was arrested a total of 28 times for crimes including disorderly conduct, assault, and robbery. Prior to appearing on the show as Rusty Millio, Valli tried out for Beansie Gaeta (played by Paul Herman). The show first hit our screens back in 1999 after a pilot was ordered a couple of years before, with its six seasons - which spanned 86 episodes in total - running until June 2007. Despite his friendship with Gallo, Orbach refused to cooperate with investigatorshomicide detective Joseph Coffey has insisted he was unable to close the Gallo case because of Orbachs refusal to name the shooters. Gangster "The Sopranos" shares a whopping 27 cast members with "Goodfellas," and six of those were regular cast: Lorraine Bracco, Michael Imperioli, Vincent Pastore, Tony Sirico, Frank Vincent, and Joseph R. Gannascoli. Along with his son, Anthony 'Tony Boy' Boiardo, Richie used 'waste management' as a cover for their activities, according to the Express. In this chilling no-holds-barred interview, Kuklinski gives a first-hand account of what that job entailed. Some sopranos can sing one or more octaves above I wasn't expecting much, but a few interesting things came out. Borgese was a friend of Paul Little Paulie Vario Jr.Little Paulies father, prominent mobster Paul Vario Sr., got Borgese a gig at the Bamboo Lounge, a well-known hot spot for local wiseguys. Joseph Russo is a dear friend of mine, and I cannot express enough how pleased I am that your office has taken interest and is in pursuit of correcting this problem, Caan wrote. Paulie Walnuts is undeniably goofy and even somewhat lovable, but at his core, hes still a cold-blooded killer. Because of Sirico and the other Italian-American actors who gave a part of themselves to the show, "TheSopranos" became one of the biggest series of all time. Andrey knows everything from warm-up to hard workout. The Sopranos was brilliant, astonishing, shocking TV that may never be bettered. One of his brothers became a priest. Sign UpYes, I would like to receive Paste's newsletter, 2023 Paste Media Group. 'Richie the Boot' Boiardo and his relatives, Along with his son, Anthony 'Tony Boy' Boiardo, Richie used 'waste management' as a cover for their activities, according to. Because of this, Tony Soprano attended therapy sessions, allowing the show to explore the difficulties of being a leader of a criminal organization while also retaining a steady family life which often intermixed, such as the romance between Tonys wife Carmela and The Sopranos' Furio Giunta. Tony Sirico played the role of Paulie Gualtieri, Wesley Crusher Is Now A Big Star Trek Picard Season 3 Question, Happy Days' Original Title Would've Killed The Classic Show, Young Sheldon Has No Excuse For Failing Missy After Paige's Return. He was arrested for the first time at age seven, and was shot twice during his time in Brooklyn as a stick-up guy. Gandolfini used to tease the writers about their tactics, telling Vanity Fair: "I used to call them the vampires, the writers. The Best Gangster TV Shows To Stream Right Now | Virgin Media But that isn't to say that "The Sopranos" is any less realistic in its portrayal of organized crime. Winter saw it as an opportunity finally have Paulies hair mussed on the screen. I feel good about what Ive accomplished, Sirico says. They get a huge amount of cash as Tony says, a once-in-a-lifetime score. Before Sirico played Paulie, however, he was a real-life criminal, with 28 arrests over the years for various charges. At Peparellis funeral, John is aghast that the Soprano crime family had a formal headstone carved with the name Peeps, instead of Joeys actual surname. Props to David Chase for taking such raw, grisly subject matter and turning it into one of the most compelling watches of the 20th Century. Tony had a father who was in and out of prison throughout his life. WebThe Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week he already played an old school charismatic but psychopatic gangster in Boardwalk Empire. He spit at me. From there, Dano has gone on to amass one of the [], December 12, 2022 Joseph Sherwood. But, in a twist that's even darker than Tony's tortured psyche, there's real-life inspiration behind the on-screen Soprano family. Theres method acting, and then theres Tony Sirico. The best music, movies, TV, books, comedy and more. As HBO makes The Sopranos free to watch, we explore what makes the "everyman" New Jersey mobster an enduring style icon. Its safe to say the previously unknown Russo would never have been picked to portray Carlo Rizzi, the gangster who betrays Sonny Corleone, without the help of his organized crime connections.

Signs Of Dionysus Calling You, Articles W