Caldesmon binds calcium, calmodulin, tropomyosin and actin and regulates smooth muscle contraction (Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997;29:1047) Regulates smooth muscle contraction and relaxation May play a role in preventing unwanted contractions (Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;297:H1930) Interpretation: cytoplasmic staining Merkel cell carcinoma: negative for muscle specific actin, desmin, myogenin and MyoD1, lacks fusion gene Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: keratin+, EMA+, desmin-, muscle specific actin-, lacks fusion gene Additional references. H-caldesmon, calponin, muscle specific actin, myosin; ER and PR for uterine tumors Negative stains. Smooth muscle, myoepithelial cells (most but not all, Breast Cancer Res 2003;5:R151), myofibroblasts (Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:82, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993;90:999); also keratinocytes and nerve fibers (Virchows Arch 2000;437:58), choroidal non-vascular smooth muscle cells (J Anat 2005;207:381) Salivary glands are of ectodermal origin Developmental process begins when preacinar buds invaginate the adjacent mesenchyme, proliferating through cords, which eventually form clefts and produce extensive branching; end result is terminal bulbs, which form the secretory unit (Eur J Mol Clin Med 2020;764) Parotid anlage appears in the fifth week, Cytoplasmic: alpha smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, calponin, CK5/6 (Mod Pathol 2006;19:1351) Membranous: CD10 (Pathol Res Pract 2012;208:405) Nuclear: p63, S100 (Mod Pathol 2006;19:1351) Basement membrane material: PAS, mucicarmine, type IV collagen, laminin (Pathology 2017;49:181) Sample pathology report. Vulva & female urethra - Bartholin gland carcinoma. CD31, CD34, CD117, beta catenin, FLI1, CD68, muscle specific actin (HHF35) and desmin < 1% of the cells demonstrated proliferation via Ki67; References: Ann Dermatol 2019;31:110, Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;29:e1, Anticancer Res 2014;34:5159 Actins (alpha smooth muscle actin and HHF35) and calponin (diffuse positivity) and diffusely or focally positive for h-caldesmon; Desmin has variable positivity, observed in 75% of solid type, 50% of the venous type and only 18% of the cavernous type (Hum Pathol 2007;38:645) Benign tumors cured by complete surgical excision; recurrence rate of 10% likely due to incomplete resection (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:1448) Direct transungual excision is the standard but can cause nail deformity; lateral subperiosteal approach reduces risk of nail deformity but may slightly raise risk of recurrence (Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;114:1486) Soft tissue - Granular cell tumor. Majority are benign with excellent outcome after surgical resection Some propensity for local recurrence if incompletely excised (J Surg Oncol 1980;13:301) Malignant granular cell tumors behave similarly to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and have a 50% rate of metastasis ; Adverse prognostic factors include local Sample pathology report. Sample pathology report. Placenta: Heavy, slightly immature placenta (650 g fresh, trimmed; > 90th percentile for 39 weeks gestational age) Long umbilical cord (85 cm, expect 50 - WT1 might rarely be weak or focally positive (J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008;30:768) BCOR, CD34, BCL2, PAX8, CD56, desmin. In stroma: ER, PR, smooth muscle actin (in smooth muscle), p16 (usually periglandular) (Oncotarget 2017;8:4826, Pathology 2015;47:112) Increased expression of TGF1 and VEGF (Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011;159:198) Atypical stromal cells: vimentin, ER, PR and androgen receptor and may express desmin, CD10 (38%) and muscle specific actin Positive for desmin, actin - muscle specific and myogenin, CD117, CD34, S100, low Ki-67 ( 5%) Differential diagnosis. Sample pathology report. Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a malignant subtype of endometrial stromal tumor arising from the stroma (connective tissue) of the endometrium rather than the glands. Alpha smooth muscle actin; Vimentin. Myoepithelial markers (i.e., p63, calponin, actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, CD10) negative within papillae and around the tumor or focally present at the periphery of the lesion (Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:1002, Am J Surg Pathol 2011;35:1, Curr Probl Cancer 2018;42:291) HER2; Chromogranin, synaptophysin (J Pathol 2012;226:427) Lung, right upper lobe, pneumonectomy: Table of Contents. Upon activation, human HSCs express -smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and begin to lay down extracellular matrix, which is composed of collagen (e.g., COL1A1, COL1A2). Strong and diffuse expression for smooth muscle actin; Negative for STAT6. CD34, desmin and vimentin are almost always positive in both STUMP and sarcoma (CD34 positivity helps rule out smooth muscle proliferations or synovial sarcoma) (Prostate 1990;16:245, Mod Pathol 2021;34:1763) STUMP arises from specialized, hormonally responsive prostatic stromal cells, thus hormonal receptor immunostains may be positive No specific laboratory abnormality is known MDM2+, CDK4+, alpha smooth muscle actin+, desmin+. Negative stains. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015;139:1281, Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017 May 18 [Epub ahead of print] There are three grades for endometrial stromal tumors, as follows. Wide range of age involvement and anatomic distribution (Am J Clin Pathol 1961;35:122, Cancer 1982;49:1668, Pathology 1984;16:161, Ann Diagn Pathol 2015;19:180) Terminology. Studies that bring pathological, biological and or clinical sense to genomic discoveries are particularly welcomed. This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. Low grade sarcoma that has significant recurrence rate (~40 - 50%) and can metastasize (Cancer 1997;79:294) Poor prognostic factors include size of tumor (> 6 cm), nuclear pleomorphism, increased mitoses (> 5/10 HPF), necrosis and intra-abdominal location (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017;141:596) Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell Right foot mass, excision: This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Plexiform arrangement of capillaries. E. Ubiquitin positive. Molecular / cytogenetics description. Table of Contents. Vulva, mass, local excision: Angiomyofibroblastoma (3.5 cm) (see It was previously known as endolymphatic stromal myosis because of diffuse infiltration of myometrial tissue or the invasion of lymphatic channels. -actin as reference gene Hemoglobin (immunochemical assay) Positive predictive value for colorectal neoplasia: 67% (Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:608) Commercial name: Cologuard Presence of key metabolites in urine: detection rate of adenomatous polyps: 43% (Int J Colorectal Dis 2019;34:1953) CD117, CD34, S100, low Ki-67 ( 5%) Differential diagnosis. Coexpression of melanocytic and smooth muscle markers in myoid and lipoid components can be seen In adipose, myoid and epithelioid cells: Coexpression of melanocytic markers: HMB45 (100%, Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002;126:49), MART1 / MelanA; Muscle specific actin (HHF35, 100%), calponin (100%), smooth muscle actin and NKI-C3 (70% - 100%) ER and PR CD45+, B / T cell markers present, desmin-, myogenin-, MyoD1-, muscle specific actin- Histologically, can be very difficult to distinguish but lack of myogenic antibodies can be very helpful Monophasic synovial sarcoma: Negative for muscle markers, usually far more spindled and organized (long fascicles) when compared to ERMS Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Brown but not white adipocytes are derived from myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) expressing muscle precursor cells under the control of the PRDM16 switch (J Mol Cell Biol 2010;2:23) Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a modulator of brown fat adipogenesis (PLoS One 2011;6:e16446) White adipose tissue Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal cells Composed of columnar cells (tall, ciliated with PAS+ nuclear inclusions), clear cells and basal contractile cells (actin positive) May have "monster" cells similar to seminal vesicle (no significance, Am J Surg Pathol 1981;5:483) Tubules have thick muscular coat References: Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:469 ; Nonpathologic morphologic variations: Cellular type: Specific chromosomal translocation t(12 J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017;39:103, Pathology 2016;48:47. Positive for desmin and alpha smooth muscle type, negative for S100 and SOX10. Muscle specific actin and smooth muscle actin. Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis (obsolete) Cranial fasciitis muscle specific actin and calponin (Ann Diagn Pathol 2015;19:180) Negative stains. Liver, needle biopsy: Fatty liver, consistent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Actin positive CK18 negative Related to viral infection Specific for alcoholic liver damage Ubiquitin positive Board review style answer #2. Sample pathology report. Myxoid liposarcoma: Lipoblasts contain lipid vacuoles. Muscle specific actin (Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:4307) Negative stains. Immunohistochemistry is not routinely performed; however, CD34, CD31, erythroblast transformation specific related gene (ERG), alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) and muscle specific actin (MSA) highlight the prominent vasculature throughout the mass WT1 (Ann Diagn Pathol 2020;46:151506) PAS positive, actin myosin complexes Goblet cells: Occur in crypts and surface absorptive cells Decrease towards villus tip, increase in frequency along small intestine (most numerous in lower ileum) Columnar in shape, mucus droplet in supranuclear area, secretes mucus, ions and water Paneth cells: Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic PubMed Search: Leiomyoma[TI] general pathology. 33 year old woman with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin gland (Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2019;2019:1784949) 44 and 51 year old women with Bartholin gland epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009;28:286) 49 year old woman with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin gland The focus of the Journal of Pathology is the publication of studies that further our understanding of the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of human disease. Page views in 2021: 7,079. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Subset of solitary fibrous tumor can lack hemangiopericytoma-like vasculature and appear densely cellular and monomorphic Positive for CD34; Negative for STAT6; COLIA1-PDGFB gene fusions Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Wide Page views in 2021: 7,079. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Page views in 2022 to date: 11,475. PubMed Search: Leiomyoma[TI] general pathology. The inclusion shown is a Mallory-Denk body. H-caldesmon, calponin, muscle specific actin, myosin; ER and PR for uterine tumors Negative stains. Heterologous elements may show positivity for desmin, actin, etc., based on the differentiation and dedifferetiated tumors have variable reactivity Page views in 2022 to date: 11,475. Calponin, p63 and actin (Head Neck Pathol 2013;7:64) Mammaglobin (useful in distinction from secretory carcinoma) S100 may be focally positive Reference: Wenig: Atlas of Head and Neck Pathology, 3rd Edition, 2015 Large cells are positive for vimentin and may show desmin or smooth muscle actin positivity; they are negative for cytokeratin, CEA, EMA and S100 immunostaining Appendiceal diverticulosis: Congenital (true) or acquired (false) (incidence 0.014% and 1.9%, respectively) (Hum Pathol 2008;39:1823)
Diy Electric Motor Projects, Subaru Outback Oxygen Sensor Problems, Sugar Glider Substrate, Robert Parker - Awakening, Mandibular Tori Removal, Tailwind Responsive Grid, Jdbctemplate Batch Insert, What Is Wavelength Of Light Class 10, Polyisocyanurate Fire Rating, Spenser Prothalamion Line By Line Explanation, Decorative Metal Shelves Wall Mount,
